Embedded Files
Interventions:
Assess: Check if the person can breathe, speak, or cough. If they are unable to do so, asphyxia is likely.
Mild Obstruction: Encourage the person to cough forcefully.
Severe Obstruction:
Conscious Adult/Child: Perform the Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrusts) until the object is dislodged.
Unconscious Adult/Child: Start CPR. Open the airway, check the mouth, and remove any visible object. Continue with chest compressions if the object is not visible.
Infant: Perform back blows and chest thrusts (5 back blows followed by 5 chest thrusts) until the object is removed.
Post-Intervention: Always call emergency services after successful resuscitation, as further medical evaluation is needed.
2. Cardiac Arrest
2. Cardiac Arrest
Interventions:
Assess: Confirm unresponsiveness and absence of pulse and breathing.
Immediate Actions:
Call for help: Activate emergency services.
Start CPR: Perform 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. watch video here
Defibrillation: If an AED is available, use it as soon as possible. Follow the device’s prompts. watch video here
Continuous CPR: Continue CPR cycles (30 compressions, 2 breaths) until emergency help arrives or the person shows signs of life.
Post-Intervention: Hospital management will include advanced life support (drugs, advanced airway management, etc.), often followed by monitoring in an intensive care unit.
3. Haemorrhage (Severe Bleeding)
3. Haemorrhage (Severe Bleeding)
Interventions:
Assess: Identify the type and location of bleeding. Check for signs of shock.
Control Bleeding: watch video here
Apply direct pressure on the wound using a sterile bandage or clean cloth.
If bleeding persists, use a tourniquet above the wound (for limb injuries) or apply pressure to a pressure point (for head or torso injuries).
Elevate Limb: If there is no fracture, elevate the injured limb above the heart level to reduce blood flow to the area.
Monitor for Shock: Check for signs of shock (rapid pulse, pale skin, fainting). Keep the person warm and calm.
Seek Medical Help: Transport the person to the hospital urgently, especially if bleeding is severe.
Post-Intervention: After the bleeding is controlled, hospital management will focus on wound care, fluid resuscitation, and possibly blood transfusions.
4. Shock
4. Shock
Interventions: watch video here
Assess: Look for signs like rapid pulse, shallow breathing, confusion, and cold, clammy skin.
Position: Lay the person down and elevate their legs (unless a spinal injury is suspected).
Maintain Warmth: Keep the person warm using a blanket or clothes.
Monitor: Continuously monitor breathing and pulse. Administer oxygen if available.
Fluid Management: If trained and appropriate, administer fluids (oral or intravenous if available).
Seek Emergency Medical Help: Shock requires rapid intervention in a medical facility.
Post-Intervention: Hospital management will focus on intravenous fluids, medications to stabilize blood pressure, and treating the underlying cause of shock.
5. Unconsciousness
5. Unconsciousness
Interventions:
Assess: Check responsiveness and airway.
Ensure Airway: Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift method, and check for breathing.
Recovery Position: If breathing, place the person in the recovery position to prevent choking.
CPR: If not breathing, initiate CPR (chest compressions and rescue breaths).
Monitor Vital Signs: Continue to monitor breathing and pulse until help arrives.
Medical Help: Call for emergency services if the cause of unconsciousness is unknown or if it persists.
Post-Intervention: Hospital management may include diagnostics (blood tests, imaging) to identify the cause of unconsciousness, followed by appropriate treatment.
6. Head Injuries
6. Head Injuries
Interventions:
Assess: Look for signs of trauma, bleeding, or deformities. Check for symptoms like confusion, dizziness, or loss of consciousness.
Control Bleeding: Apply gentle pressure to bleeding wounds using a sterile dressing.
Avoid Movement: Keep the head and neck immobilized, especially if spinal injury is suspected.
Monitor Symptoms: Watch for signs of a concussion or increasing intracranial pressure (severe headache, vomiting, confusion).
Seek Medical Help: Immediate medical attention is necessary for any significant head injury or loss of consciousness.
Post-Intervention: A CT scan or MRI may be performed to check for fractures or internal bleeding. Treatment may include surgery or observation.
7. Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations
7. Fractures, Sprains, and Dislocations
Interventions:
Assess: Check for swelling, pain, deformity, and loss of function.
Immobilize the Injury: Use splints, cloth, or padding to stabilize the injured part.
Cold Compress: Apply ice (wrapped in a cloth) to reduce swelling and pain.
Elevate: If the injury is a limb, elevate the affected area to minimize swelling.
Seek Medical Help: Urgently transport the person for an X-ray and proper immobilization.
Post-Intervention: Medical treatment may involve casting, splinting, or surgical intervention. Rehabilitation (physical therapy) is often required for recovery.
8. Spinal and Chest Injuries
8. Spinal and Chest Injuries
Interventions:
Assess: Look for pain, difficulty breathing, or abnormal posture.
Immobilize the Spine: If spinal injury is suspected, avoid movement and stabilize the head, neck, and spine.
Breathing Support: Ensure the person can breathe; if not, perform CPR.
Call for Help: Emergency services will require specific instructions for spinal injury management.
Post-Intervention: Once stabilized, the person will be transported for imaging studies (X-rays, CT scans). Surgery and rehabilitation may follow.
9. Drowning
9. Drowning
Interventions: watch the video
Assess: Confirm if the person is breathing. If not, start CPR immediately.
Rescue Breathing: If the person is not breathing, open the airway and administer 2 rescue breaths.
Chest Compressions: Continue CPR (30 chest compressions, 2 breaths) until the person starts breathing or emergency help arrives.
Call for Help: Alert emergency services as soon as possible.
Rewarm: If hypothermia is suspected, gently warm the person with blankets.
Post-Intervention: Hospital care will include monitoring for aspiration pneumonia, respiratory distress, and possible neurological damage.
10. Wounds
10. Wounds
Interventions:
Assess: Check the severity, depth, and location of the wound.
Clean the Wound: Use mild soap and water to clean the wound (avoid harsh antiseptics).
Control Bleeding: Apply direct pressure, and elevate the limb if possible.
Dress the Wound: Cover the wound with a sterile dressing.
Seek Medical Attention: For deep or large wounds, or if signs of infection appear (redness, warmth, pus).
Post-Intervention: Treatment may involve stitches, tetanus shots, or antibiotics if infection is suspected.
11. Burns and Scalds
11. Burns and Scalds
Interventions:
Assess: Determine the severity of the burn (1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree).
Cool the Burn: Use cool (not cold) water for 10-20 minutes.
Cover the Burn: Use a sterile, non-stick dressing to cover the burn.
Pain Relief: Administer pain relief if appropriate.
Seek Medical Attention: For large, severe, or third-degree burns, or if the person is in shock.
Post-Intervention: Hospital management may involve fluid resuscitation, infection control, and possible skin grafting.
12. Bites and Stings
12. Bites and Stings
Interventions:
Assess: Check the bite or sting for signs of infection or an allergic reaction.
Clean the Area: Wash with mild soap and water.
Cold Compress: Apply ice to reduce swelling and pain.
Monitor for Allergic Reactions: Watch for symptoms like difficulty breathing, swelling, or dizziness (anaphylaxis).
Seek Medical Attention: For serious reactions or if the bite is from a potentially dangerous animal (e.g., snakes, spiders).
Post-Intervention: Medical attention may involve anti-venom, tetanus shots, or antibiotics if an infection develops.
13. Fits and Infantile Convulsions
13. Fits and Infantile Convulsions
Interventions: watch the video here
Assess: Note the duration and type of seizure.
Prevent Injury: Move dangerous objects away from the person and place something soft under their head.
Monitor: Do not restrain the person; allow the seizure to end naturally.
Post-Seizure: Once the seizure stops, place the person in the recovery position to ensure the airway is clear.
Seek Medical Help: If it's the first seizure or the person doesn’t recover consciousness quickly.
Post-Intervention: Management includes identifying the cause of the seizure, medication for seizure control, and monitoring.
14. Fainting and Heat Exhaustion
14. Fainting and Heat Exhaustion
Interventions:
Assess: Check for signs of dehydration, dizziness, and weakness.
Position: Lay the person down with legs elevated to improve circulation.
Hydrate: Offer cool water (small sips) if the person is conscious.
Cool Down: Move the person to a cooler environment, remove excess clothing, and apply cool compresses.
Monitor: If symptoms do not improve, seek medical help.
Post-Intervention: If heatstroke is suspected, urgent medical care is required.
15. Ward Accidents
15. Ward Accidents
Interventions:
Assess: Determine the severity of the accident.
Control Bleeding: Apply pressure to wounds, immobilize limbs, and support the head and neck if there’s a spinal injury.
Monitor for Shock: Maintain warmth and comfort, and elevate limbs if necessary.
Seek Immediate Medical Help: For serious injuries like fractures, dislocations, or internal injuries.
16. Ingesting Corrosives, Strong Acids, and Alkaline Substances
16. Ingesting Corrosives, Strong Acids, and Alkaline Substances
Interventions:
Assess: Identify the substance ingested.
Rinse Mouth: If conscious, rinse the mouth with water.
Do NOT induce vomiting: This can cause more damage.
Seek Emergency Help: Immediately call the poison control center or emergency services.
Post-Intervention: Medical management may include administering antidotes, monitoring for complications, and potential endoscopic evaluation for esophageal damage.
THE END
Page updated
Google Sites
Report abuse